Shoulder bursitis

A bursa is a small sac filled with joint fluid, located between tendons and bone. A bursitis of the shoulder is an inflammatory reaction of the bursa. As a result of this inflammation, the bursa can become swollen and cause local swelling, redness, warmth and tenderness.

Not only shoulder movements, but also lying on the shoulder and push or pull movements can increase pain. This is due to the increased pressure in the bursa.

How does a bursitis of the shoulder arise?

A bursitis of the shoulder can arise suddenly or gradually. Symptoms are often caused by overuse. A bursitis can also be the result of a bacterial infection or a traumatic event. Think of a blow or fall on the shoulder.

In sports where the arm is heavily loaded, such as tennis or softball, bursitis in the shoulder occurs more often in relation to other sports. In addition to sports, there are more risk factors such as:

• Incorrect posture, mainly in the shoulder girdle.
• Alignment abnormality of one or more bones.
• An imbalance in one or more shoulder muscles, mainly the rotator cuff muscles.

Which symptoms characterise a bursitis of the shoulder?

A bursitis of the shoulder is generally recognised by the characteristic signs of inflammation such as warmth, redness, limited movement and swelling.

Pain is also a frequently mentioned symptom. This is sharp and can radiate towards the elbow. These symptoms are often provoked by movements of the shoulder and push or pull movements. Lying on the shoulder can also cause pain.

How is the diagnosis of shoulder bursitis made?

Usually the history and physical examination by the GP or physiotherapist are sufficient to make the diagnosis.
Additional tests, including an ultrasound scan or MRI scan, may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the condition.

The specialist can also take some fluid from the bursa with a syringe and analyse it. This provides more information about a possible bacterial infection.

What is the treatment for a bursitis of the shoulder?

Treatment of a bursitis of the shoulder is often twofold. On the one hand it is important to reduce the inflammatory reaction with rest, possibly supported by anti-inflammatory medicines.

On the other hand, it is just as important to start immediately with gentle mobilising exercises within the pain limit. The goal is to restore shoulder mobility. The physiotherapist can guide you and, if necessary, use other interventions such as massage, stretching and joint mobilisations.